Essay Examples on Civil War Essay Example

Essay Examples on Civil War Paper 1st Essay Sample on Cold War In the aftermath of WWII, the international context war very particular: the war has bled Europe dry and the continent was thus to be rebuilt. The world was divided into two hostile camps: the West side, under the aegis of the USA and which gathered democratic countries and was politically, economically and military biding. On the other part, there was the East side, with the Soviet Union and satellite nations gathered by communism. At this time, the Union Soviet leaded an expansion policy which threatened several free states like Greece and Turkey. Further more, the Soviet Union tested successfully its own atomic bombin 1949. Now the world has entered a new area named the Cold War because both owned the ultimate weapon but none will hopefully dare to use it.Albert Einstein, probably one of the greatest scientist of the twentieth century, took an important place in the debate about the consequences of the atomic bomb discovery. In his famous article ,The Real Problem is in the Heart s of Men published in the NY Times, he proposed to install a world government in which he saw the only chance for a durable peace. In this article, Einstein argued that mankind was in great danger if another world war had to break out because the use of nuclear bombs would be dramatic. As he said rifle bullets kill men, but atomic weapon kill cities. He also insisted on the fact that with the discovery of the atomic bomb the world was entered in a new area (the Nuclear Age) and all nations and above all the USA should be aware of these new situation because nuclear weapon can destroy civilization. So to live in a safe world, Einstein suggested the United Nations to create a world government which would guarantee the world peace. He has an actual little faith in military efforts to prevent nuclear war: our defence is in law and order. 2nd Essay Sample on Cold War There are many reasons why the cold war would start and different politicians and historians have different views on it. For example, Hans J. Morgenthau, Thomas G. Paterson, and Gabriel and Kolko, all had different views on how the cold war all started. Morgenthau said that the USSR and the United States disagreements started the cold war. He said that the Soviets did not want to be allies with the Unites States anymore, but that the soviets wanted to expand their territory. And that brought upon some problems, which lead to the cold war. Diplomatic and military confrontation between the U.S. and USSR were used to justify the Cold War and establishment of NATO, but the underlying issues were economic. As pointed out by historians Joyce and Gabriel Kolko. They believed that the Unites States also had a great deal with the cold war.Unites State was mostly concerned with its trade and businesses. America wanted to trade with any country with no restrictions.Economy was very important t o America at this time. Historian Thomas G. Paterson also had different views about the cold war. He did not believe that the cause of the cold war was based around the economic factor of things. But he did believe that American did have a big impact on the start of the cold war. Paterson stated the importance of the long-standing Soviet anti-capitalist and American anti-Communist sentiments. Like many historians I also have my own view of why I believe the cold war occurred. I think that there are many reasons why the cold war would occur. It is not something that just happened suddenly, there must have been lots of different situations that sparked the cold war. I believe that the Cold War began as a result of suspicions that the democratic west had about the USSR and vice versa. In addition to the relations between the major powers got worse at the end of the Second World War. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Essay Examples on Civil War Essay Example Essay Examples on Civil War Paper 1st Essay Sample on Civil War The Cause Of The Civil War: Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin During the period between 1790 and 1850, the United States was rapidly changing. It was now a separate country with its own economy, laws, and government. The country was learning to live on its own, apart from England. There began to appear a rift between North and South. The North believing in the Puritan Merchant role model, and the South in the role model of the English Country Squire. The North traded with everyone, while the South traded primarily with England. The major crop in the South was tobacco, and because of the decline in the price of tobacco the slave trade was dying, just as those in the North hoped it would. Then came a man, and an invention, which changed the course of history. In 1792, Eli Whitney visited the plantation of Catherine Greene, the wife of Revolutionary War general, Nathaniel Greene, near Savannah Georgia. He watched cotton being cleaned; a very long and time consuming process to do by hand. Watching the cotton being cleaned an idea came to Whitney. He decided he would build a machine that would clean cotton faster than it could be done by hand. Thus, he created the cotton gin. This invention changed the way the South functioned, and the ripple effect it created changed the course of history forever. The ripple effect caused by Eli Whitney;s cotton gin can be seen as the driving force behind many of the conflicts between North and South, and eventually culminating in the Civil War. Before Eli Whitney;s invention, slavery was dying in the South. The price of tobacco had plummeted, and planters were freeing slaves because of the high cost of feeding, housing and clothing them. When Eli Whitney introduced his invention the cotton market exploded. Cotton began to be grown in enormous quantities because it was good for making clothes, and with the invention of the cotton gin easier to produce. 2nd Essay Sample on Civil War The Colonies decided to break from Britain for several proposed reasons.These reasons are proposed because we arent exactly sure what happened at that time, we werent there.Therefore, there is extremedifficulty in explaining this phenomenon. Despite the growing tension between Britain and its colonies, they still maintained strong bonds.The colonists needed the British to defend them from their enemies.The British paid for the overseas navy used in defending them.The Colonists and the British both spoke English, tying the two together greatly.Both the Colonists and the British profited from trading goods across the Atlantic Ocean In addition, wealthy land owners in the colonies sent their children to Oxford University in England.Surely, the colonists were not chomping at the bit to break away from British rule. Thefirst major change in attitude was after the French and Indian War that ended in 1763.This war strained the relationship between Britain and the colonies.Unwelcome British troops had remained in the colonies.The colonists were forced by the Quartering acts to house and feed the lingering British troops.They each walked away from the war with ideas about the other.The British viewed the colonists as unreliable, undisciplined, and not militarily trained.On contrast, the Colonists viewed the British as vulnerable, having their uniforms too visible.In addition, with the French gone from North America, the colonists didnt need the British to protect them as much.The war also resulted in a huge financial debt among the British government, one that the colonists must share in paying for. Unable to fund any more frontier wars between land hungry colonists and Indians, the British imposed a Proclamation Line, prohibiting the colonists to take land away from the Indians.The British decide to tax the colonists to enforce this new line. 3rdEssay Sample on Civil war We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Slavery, the single cause of the American Civil war is asked by few people these days, Slavery has been forgotten and many people dont even know what happened in 1861.Slavery was an influence though in the Civil war.The civil war was one of the many ways out slavery in 1861.If America were happy with the amount of states it had and where they were it would have helped prevent the war.The North and The South had different stiles, The South used slaves in their field and The North ran everything through factories, they were practically different countries. The Civil war was influenced intensely by slaves; they joined the Union and fought against each other.Although they did participate in the fighting their major influence was the abolition, the right to free slaves, The North felt very highly of this although many people in The North did have other ideas, it was said, abolishing it would be bad for business. Without slaves there would be no cotton. Without cotton the textile industry would suffer. To many it was just that simple. (http://www.swcivilwar.com/cw_causes.html)The South however had a clear mind not to abolish slavery, as it was the source to their lives, they seemed not to be able to live with out it, this showing how small The South really was, for anybody, to need someone that badly means that you are not secure with yourself.For The South to loose all their slaves it would mean having to start a whole new industry that meant they didnt have to work hard labour, either way The South werent just going to go out and work in the fields. The states were treated differently by neighbouring countries and therefore acted differently; they had different stiles between them and were interested in producing different things.The South were quite happy to settle a fight with a gun where as The North were civilised â€Å"The stronger the middle class, the stronger the society!† (http://www. 4thEssay Sample on civil war The Civil War, which actually lasted a few years, was supposed to only last a few weeks or at the most a month or two. Many people thought that the North was a shoe-in to win the war. Instead they were surprised to see the South come in and show the North and the nation that the South was a prepared force. During the Civil War there were many important events, such as the sides, naval warfare, and major battles. The North was by far the more advanced and more prepared side. The Norths leaders were President Abraham Lincoln, General Ulysses S. Grant, and General William T. Sherman. The government, when it came to the rebellion of the South, was very persistent. Lincoln was so adamant about suppressing the rebellion that he poured time and energy into the U.S. Army and spent funds withoutfirst going through Congress. The economy was booming and there were jobs everywhere to have as long as they were The South was the more agricultural side. The South was less populated so naturally th ey had a smaller army. The Southern leaders were President Jefferson Davis, General Robert E. Lee, and General Stone Wall Jackson. The Souths government was more of a dictatorship that never got off the ground. Many say the economy was an exact replica of the North. Life was going good for everyone. Everyone was joining hands and working Picard 2 hard to support the war. Finally the South seceded after Lincoln won the presidency. Thefirst to secede was South Carolina and the last was Naval warfare was another major point of the Civil War. This side of the war is often left out. The North had a vast fleet of ninety vessels. More than half of the ships were wooden combat ships. 5thEssay Sample on Civil War Before the civil war that tore the fabric of American life, there were three sections of American people with different economic, cultural and political attitudes. The balance of power was kept by different alliances, which came up in the pre-civil war period. The west was the balancing power and it was its shift that decided the course of American history. While it was allied with the south for economic reasons, a delicate balance was maintained. The minute the west allied with the north, the shift resulted in irreconcilable differences and led to war. The boundaries of the sections were very fluid but the basic sections in the 1840s-1860s were the north, which included New England, New York. Pennsylvania and New Jersey, the west which included the present mid-west from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa to Minnesota and the south which included Maryland to Texas and Missouri to Mississippi. Northeast The northeast was comparatively advanced, industrially. The do minating class comprised of the bankers, manufacturers and merchants. The growth of industry of America was mainly in the north. The northeast section was known for its trading. The merchants realized more returns in manufacturing than the early agriculture so we see a gradual but definite shift to industrial investment, which signaled the beginning of industrialism. The industrial capitalists were the ruling class in the north. They were the aristocrats because of their economic dominance, which also meant their dominance in the political system. In the political arena they were represented by lawyers articulating their position and their philosophy hoping to influence policy making. For example Daniel Webster, the politician from Massachusetts had the entire business community of that area behind him. The ideals from the time of the declaration of independence still remained, as there was no fear of tyranny of the majority over the minority. 6thEssay Sample on Civil War Thefirst half of the nineteenth century saw rapid growth due to plentiful natural resources at the disposal of the country. The land person ration made food production sufficient to provide for much larger families and this led to a population explosion. The endless supply of wood for construction and water for the production of power lead to industrialism in the north. With this industry boom, however came the decline of the agrarian and artisan community, as more products became mass-produced. The move from artisan, agrarian to working for a wage although it did raise the standard of living it also led to greater disparity between the rich and the poor. Traditional roads and waterways could no longer keep up with the demand to ship products more quickly and efficiently out west so new roadways and railroads were built, and this lead to the Transportation Revolution that swept the north. This also meant a reduction in transportation cost, and therefore the cost of products. During this period of wealth and abundance, funding created a public school system, which led to an increased educated work force. Meanwhile in the South they largely remained agrarian with tobacco and cotton production dependent on the slave labor, so the industrial movement was inhibited and southerners did not benefit as greatly from the industrial revolution as northerners did. Also with their extensive waterways to ship cotton to England once harvested by slave labor, and then purchasing of English finished goods there was no need for southern industry or railroad systems. The climate and geography of the Northern and Southern states were fundamentally different and often dictated the sort of agricultural crops that could successfully be grown in any given area.The Northern soils were suited to crops like wheat which required a significantly less amount of work to plant and harvest than did cotton–a continual favorite with planters of the South. Another Essay Sample on Civil War The constitutional issues that pushed the civil war to happen were because of a big population growth; it caused many problems. Various sections of the country were divided by different economies and different ways of life. This gave rise to serious differences of opinion about the proper role of the nation and the states.The issue of slavery intensified these disagreements. Slavery was banned in many places, especially the west and Midwest, but slavery was still going strong down south. One huge issue was that the north wasnt into slavery and the south wanted slavery to be allowed everywhere. This was one of the main reasons the civil war was even discussed. Another big supposed reason of the civil war was Dred Scott case against his past owner. The case afflicted a huge argument between the north and the south about slavery and freedom. In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president in on of the nations most important elections. The election was marked by the controversy about slav ery. Abe was all about the abolition of slavery but the south said that if he stops slavery we would create our own union. They would have called the Confederate States of America. Of course, Lincoln denied the secession. This led to what is now called the Civil War. There were many casualties to this battle but as everyone knows the north did win, but did it fix anything? Not much. I believe the war did solve some problems but I would never say it solved all because it didnt. The main reason of the war was to stop slavery and it didnt do that. The only reason slavery stopped at all was because of Abe Lincoln. Only 5 days after is when he announced the Emancipation Proclamation. This meant that all enslaved Africans in states or parts of states still in the rebellion on Jan 1,1563,shall be then, henceforward, and forever be free. Another Essay Sample on Civil War Robert Gould Shaw was 23 when hefirst enlisted. He went and fought for the North. On September 17, 1862 the North attacked the South. The North fell back. The South took the land. Shaw later found out that Lincoln was going to free some of the slaves. Shaw was offered the chance to be colonel of the 54th Mass. Regiment. The regiment was to be thefirst all black regiment. Shaw told his friend Forbes that he was going to take the job. He also asked Forbes to come along and help. He agreed. Shaw meet the group and started training. Almost all the men did not know their right form their left. They learned fast though/ They learned everything fast. Shaw awoke one morning to find that the Confederate Congress issued a proclamation. It said: All Negros in arms against Confederate will be brought back into slavery; all Negros in Federal uniform will be sentenced to death; all white officers in commanded of black troops will be sentenced to death. After awhile the men finally got their guns. They were very happy about it. Shaw is pushing the men and Forbes is getting very mad at how Shaw is doing his job. Shaw had put in for a request of shoes 2 weeks ago and never received them . The men in charge said that things were going bad and it would take awhile. Shaw eventually goes up to the place and argues with the men till he gets the shoes and socks he needs for his men. Shaw then gets a letter form the war department saying that his men will get paid $10 instead of $13 like everyone else. The blacks get very mad and protest. Shaw stands up and says that if you dont take the pay then neither will any of the officers. The men also get their blue suits. MR. Rawlins is moved up to sergeant major. At a dinner, Shaw talks to a man that is also in charge of a black troop. He tells Shaw that he is taking his men to get some fighting done and asks Shaw to come with. Shaw accepts. Another Essay Sample on Civil War Robert Gould Shaw was 23 when hefirst enlisted. He went and fought for the North. On September 17, 1862 the North attacked the South. The North fell back. The South took the land. Shaw later found out that Lincoln was going to free some of the slaves. Shaw was offered the chance to be colonel of the 54th Mass. Regiment. The regiment was to be thefirst all black regiment. Shaw told his friend Forbes that he was going to take the job. He also asked Forbes to come along and help. He agreed. Shaw meet the group and started training. Almost all the men did not know their right form their left. They learned fast though/ They learned everything fast. Shaw awoke one morning to find that the Confederate Congress issued a proclamation. It said: All Negros in arms against Confederate will be brought back into slavery; all Negros in Federal uniform will be sentenced to death; all white officers in commanded of black troops will be sentenced to death. After awhile the men finally got their guns. They were very happy about it. Shaw is pushing the men and Forbes is getting very mad at how Shaw is doing his job. Shaw had put in for a request of shoes 2 weeks ago and never received them . The men in charge said that things were going bad and it would take awhile. Shaw eventually goes up to the place and argues with the men till he gets the shoes and socks he needs for his men. Shaw then gets a letter form the war department saying that his men will get paid $10 instead of $13 like everyone else. The blacks get very mad and protest. Shaw stands up and says that if you dont take the pay then neither will any of the officers. The men also get their blue suits. MR. Rawlins is moved up to sergeant major. At a dinner, Shaw talks to a man that is also in charge of a black troop. He tells Shaw that he is taking his men to get some fighting done and asks Shaw to come with. Shaw accepts. Another Essay Sample on Civil War Aim: What are the four areas of sectional conflict? Differing economic interests created sectional conflicts over four issues: public land policy, a protective tariff, internal improvements, and the spread of slavery. When Missouri petitioned to be admitted to the Union as a slave state, a major political crisis developed. In a compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Sectional interests also dominated the presidential election of 1824. Four Republican candidates, Jackson, Adams, Crawford, and Clay, spilt the vote along sectional lines. Because no candidate received a majority in the electoral college, the contest was thrown into the House of Representatives where Adams, with Clays backing, was declared the winner. 1. Favorite sons-presidential candidate supported by the delegates of the candidates native state at a national political convention 1. Tallmadge- proposed an amendment that would gradually abolish slavery in Missouri and forbid future importation of slaves into the state Amendment- passed the House on a strictly sectional vote Missouri Compromise- were admitted to union together, slavery would be forbidden north of the parallel 3630 Henry Clay- people who supported became known as National Republicans, 3. The sectional conflicts the Missouri Compromise attempted to resolve was that it would gradually abolish slavery is Missouri and forbid future importation of slaves in to the state. Slavery would be forbidden north the parallel 36 30. 4. Adams was accused of corrupt bargain with Clay because after Adams was elected he made Clay secretary of state in return for Clays influence on swinging votes in the House of Representatives. 5. Another Essay Sample on Civil War Aim: What are the four areas of sectional conflict? Differing economic interests created sectional conflicts over four issues: public land policy, a protective tariff, internal improvements, and the spread of slavery. When Missouri petitioned to be admitted to the Union as a slave state, a major political crisis developed. In a compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Sectional interests also dominated the presidential election of 1824. Four Republican candidates, Jackson, Adams, Crawford, and Clay, spilt the vote along sectional lines. Because no candidate received a majority in the electoral college, the contest was thrown into the House of Representatives where Adams, with Clays backing, was declared the winner. 1. Favorite sons-presidential candidate supported by the delegates of the candidates native state at a national political convention 1. Tallmadge- proposed an amendment that would gradually abolish slavery in Missouri and forbid future importation of slaves into the state Amendment- passed the House on a strictly sectional vote Missouri Compromise- were admitted to union together, slavery would be forbidden north of the parallel 3630 Henry Clay- people who supported became known as National Republicans, 3. The sectional conflicts the Missouri Compromise attempted to resolve was that it would gradually abolish slavery is Missouri and forbid future importation of slaves in to the state. Slavery would be forbidden north the parallel 36 30. 4. Adams was accused of corrupt bargain with Clay because after Adams was elected he made Clay secretary of state in return for Clays influence on swinging votes in the House of Representatives. 5. Another Essay Sample on Civil War The Battle of Antietam just outside of Sharpsburg Maryland, was a one-day battle between 41,000 Confederate soldiers under the command of General Robert E. Lee and 87,000 Union soldiers commanded by General George B. McClellan. The stage was set when Lee undertook an invasion of the North in the late summer of 1862. (A Soldiers View by Col G. F. R. Henderson c1958) The Battle of Antietam was one of the bloodiest battle in history. In such an important battle men stick out for their heroic actions–one man inparticular, General Robert E. Lee. Robert E. Lee had a tremendous effect on the battle of Antietam. General Robert E. Lee was born January 19, 1807, at Stratford Hall, at a place called Big House (Virginias General by Albert Marrin pg 7 c1994) of his familys plantation located on the Potomac River in Westmoreland County, Virginia. (Virginias General by Albert Marrin pg 7 c1994). Robert E. Lees fater was known as Light Horse Harry he was a cavalry officer, a friend of George Washington, and a hero in the War of Independence. His mother, Ann Carter, was a third generation daughter of Carters, perhaps one of the wealthiest of all plantation dynasties of Virginia. (Robert E. Lee by Peter Earle pg 20 c1973). In 1809 when Robert E. Lee was two, his father, got in debt and was sent to prison. Three years later he was freed from jail and got involved in a political brawl in Baltimore and was beaten up. In 1813 he left for Barbados, still in debt. ( Robert E. Lee by Peter Earle pg 21 c1973) Robert E. Lees mother did not have enough money to allow Robert to attend college so he chose the best career available to him. ( Robert E. Lee by Peter Earle pg 24 c1973). He successfully enrolled at West Pointat the age of eighteen in June of 1825. ( R E LEE V1 pg 48 by Douglas Freeman c1934). Another Essay Sample on Civil War The Battle of Antietam just outside of Sharpsburg Maryland, was a one-day battle between 41,000 Confederate soldiers under the command of General Robert E. Lee and 87,000 Union soldiers commanded by General George B. McClellan. The stage was set when Lee undertook an invasion of the North in the late summer of 1862. (A Soldiers View by Col G. F. R. Henderson c1958) The Battle of Antietam was one of the bloodiest battle in history. In such an important battle men stick out for their heroic actions–one man inparticular, General Robert E. Lee. Robert E. Lee had a tremendous effect on the battle of Antietam. General Robert E. Lee was born January 19, 1807, at Stratford Hall, at a place called Big House (Virginias General by Albert Marrin pg 7 c1994) of his familys plantation located on the Potomac River in Westmoreland County, Virginia. (Virginias General by Albert Marrin pg 7 c1994). Robert E. Lees fater was known as Light Horse Harry he was a cavalry officer, a friend of George Washington, and a hero in the War of Independence. His mother, Ann Carter, was a third generation daughter of Carters, perhaps one of the wealthiest of all plantation dynasties of Virginia. (Robert E. Lee by Peter Earle pg 20 c1973). In 1809 when Robert E. Lee was two, his father, got in debt and was sent to prison. Three years later he was freed from jail and got involved in a political brawl in Baltimore and was beaten up. In 1813 he left for Barbados, still in debt. ( Robert E. Lee by Peter Earle pg 21 c1973) Robert E. Lees mother did not have enough money to allow Robert to attend college so he chose the best career available to him. ( Robert E. Lee by Peter Earle pg 24 c1973). He successfully enrolled at West Pointat the age of eighteen in June of 1825. ( R E LEE V1 pg 48 by Douglas Freeman c1934). Another Essay Sample on Civil war Americans fought very had to receive their independence from England.Their determination of self-rule was evident from the very beginning.From early settlement, the colonists gave evidence to this determination.The increase in control of England increased their desire to be treated fairly as English citizens, but England did not give them the feeling of fair treatment. Ever since the beginnings of settlement, England and America had been growing apart.England was still an aristocracy, ruled by men born and bred to a high station in life.The society was one of culture and refinement.Deprived of abundant opportunity at home, the common people accepted a position of dependence rather than independence.But in America, things had gone differently.The society was rather democratic.There were no lords or hereditary officers.The wilderness had attracted men of independent spirit, and the stern conditions of the frontier had bred self-reliance and self-respect. (*)The New World made men ente rprising, energetic, and aggressive. The distance between the colonists and England was as equally wide as their political thinking.British statesmen believed that Parliament had complete authority over the colonies.It could make laws for them, tax them and even abolish their elected assemblies.But, patriot leaders in America denied all this.They believed Parliament was bound to respect certain natural rights of man.The colonists did not think Parliament represented them, therefore they did not respect the taxes it imposed.The English leaders, on the other hand, thought members of Parliament looked after the best interests of the whole empire. People all over the world believe that government protects life, liberty, and property.Were it not for government, the world would soon run into all manner of disorders and confusions, (136,Text). Another Essay Sample on Civil war Americans fought very had to receive their independence from England.Their determination of self-rule was evident from the very beginning.From early settlement, the colonists gave evidence to this determination.The increase in control of England increased their desire to be treated fairly as English citizens, but England did not give them the feeling of fair treatment. Ever since the beginnings of settlement, England and America had been growing apart.England was still an aristocracy, ruled by men born and bred to a high station in life.The society was one of culture and refinement.Deprived of abundant opportunity at home, the common people accepted a position of dependence rather than independence.But in America, things had gone differently.The society was rather democratic.There were no lords or hereditary officers.The wilderness had attracted men of independent spirit, and the stern conditions of the frontier had bred self-reliance and self-respect. (*)The New World made men ente rprising, energetic, and aggressive. The distance between the colonists and England was as equally wide as their political thinking.British statesmen believed that Parliament had complete authority over the colonies.It could make laws for them, tax them and even abolish their elected assemblies.But, patriot leaders in America denied all this.They believed Parliament was bound to respect certain natural rights of man.The colonists did not think Parliament represented them, therefore they did not respect the taxes it imposed.The English leaders, on the other hand, thought members of Parliament looked after the best interests of the whole empire. People all over the world believe that government protects life, liberty, and property.Were it not for government, the world would soon run into all manner of disorders and confusions, (136,Text). Another Essay Sample on Civil War To whom ever hands this should fall into, I can remember the Civil War Battle, it occurred over three hot summer days, July 1 to July 3, 1863,around the small market town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.It began as a skirmish but by the time it ended, it had involved 160,000 Americans. The Civil War was over before it began,There was probably never any chance of the South winning without military aid. The union showed its advantages from the beginning. In population the North had an advantage of almost five to two. This advantage appears even greater if the we the slaves (which were more than one-third of the Southern people) are counted as somewhat less than the same number of freemen . The North knew that they needed to be an offensive threat. Many people wanted to show their dominance over a less fortunate region like the South. Others didnt want to go to war or show force against a part of their own nation. Lincolns aim was to â€Å"preserve the union† and that he did, by sho wing force at times and not at others. The Civil War was a grueling time for both the Union and the Confederacy. The victor was easily detected from the beginning. The North with its overpowering economy profited from the war. The need for war materials supplied many citizens with jobs. Also, the need for a better system of the railroads help boast the nations economy. The South where I once had lived, on the other hand depleted almost every resource available. With basically no industries to produce war materials, they were forced to purchase goods. The South had no way of getting the capitol that they lost purchasing the goods back. This shows a lot of moral on the Southerners part to enter a war that they had no chance of winning. By the time the war had ended I was a free man and on Welfare by the Union.I had fought in the hard war for the Union in which I had escaped to the North and left my wife and daughter at home. Another Essay Sample on Civil War To whom ever hands this should fall into, I can remember the Civil War Battle, it occurred over three hot summer days, July 1 to July 3, 1863,around the small market town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.It began as a skirmish but by the time it ended, it had involved 160,000 Americans. The Civil War was over before it began,There was probably never any chance of the South winning without military aid. The union showed its advantages from the beginning. In population the North had an advantage of almost five to two. This advantage appears even greater if the we the slaves (which were more than one-third of the Southern people) are counted as somewhat less than the same number of freemen . The North knew that they needed to be an offensive threat. Many people wanted to show their dominance over a less fortunate region like the South. Others didnt want to go to war or show force against a part of their own nation. Lincolns aim was to â€Å"preserve the union† and that he did, by sho wing force at times and not at others. The Civil War was a grueling time for both the Union and the Confederacy. The victor was easily detected from the beginning. The North with its overpowering economy profited from the war. The need for war materials supplied many citizens with jobs. Also, the need for a better system of the railroads help boast the nations economy. The South where I once had lived, on the other hand depleted almost every resource available. With basically no industries to produce war materials, they were forced to purchase goods. The South had no way of getting the capitol that they lost purchasing the goods back. This shows a lot of moral on the Southerners part to enter a war that they had no chance of winning. By the time the war had ended I was a free man and on Welfare by the Union.I had fought in the hard war for the Union in which I had escaped to the North and left my wife and daughter at home. Another Essay Sample on Civil War The Blacks Struggle following the Civil War After the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln, the slaves of America were free.This was a huge step in making our country truly free to all people.The construction of the South did not however work out smoothly for the freed slaves.There were many roadblocks along the way such as the Black Codes, the Plessy vs. Ferguson case, and the terror of the Ku Klux Klan.In this essay, we will look at the struggles that faced the blacks following the Civil War. After President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, former slaves took on a new role in American society. This role was one of more significance and self worth than in slavery, but this class of freedmen was anything but appreciated. Without the manpower of the slaves, the south’s agricultural society would fail, and without the agriculture there would be little money or food in the south. The passing of the Louisiana Black Code in 1865, confirmed th at whites felt as if blacks could not handle the responsibility or the rights of true citizens. Whites thought they did not deserve these rights because they were inferior to themselves and simply less than human. It was almost as if slavery had never ended. The blacks were free, however many of the Negroes everyday rights were abolished. Section 3, of the Louisiana Black Code states ;No Negro shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within said parish.; Section 9 declares, ;No Negro shall sell, barter, or exchange any articles of merchandise or traffic within said parish.; And one of the worst of these codes is in Section 4 of the Louisiana Black Code. ;Every Negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conductor of said Negro. Another Essay Sample on Civil War The Blacks Struggle following the Civil War After the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln, the slaves of America were free.This was a huge step in making our country truly free to all people.The construction of the South did not however work out smoothly for the freed slaves.There were many roadblocks along the way such as the Black Codes, the Plessy vs. Ferguson case, and the terror of the Ku Klux Klan.In this essay, we will look at the struggles that faced the blacks following the Civil War. After President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, former slaves took on a new role in American society. This role was one of more significance and self worth than in slavery, but this class of freedmen was anything but appreciated. Without the manpower of the slaves, the south’s agricultural society would fail, and without the agriculture there would be little money or food in the south. The passing of the Louisiana Black Code in 1865, confirmed th at whites felt as if blacks could not handle the responsibility or the rights of true citizens. Whites thought they did not deserve these rights because they were inferior to themselves and simply less than human. It was almost as if slavery had never ended. The blacks were free, however many of the Negroes everyday rights were abolished. Section 3, of the Louisiana Black Code states ;No Negro shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within said parish.; Section 9 declares, ;No Negro shall sell, barter, or exchange any articles of merchandise or traffic within said parish.; And one of the worst of these codes is in Section 4 of the Louisiana Black Code. ;Every Negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conductor of said Negro. Another Essay Sample on Civil war After Abraham Lincolns election, South Carolina began the precedent of secession from the Union that the rest of the Confederate States followed, but the Civil War did not begin with this incident.It began in South Carolina at Fort Sumter when Abraham Lincoln decided to maintain the fort as part of the Unions holdings, and Jefferson Davis, of the Confederacy decided to take it.This became the initial conflict that started the bloodiest American war.The way in which both Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis handled this affair is debatable to its effectiveness and importance for either side.Both had ways to look upon this situation with pride and contempt. To Lincoln occupying Fort Sumter and keeping it among Union holdings was important for strategic and symbolic purposes.It strategic importance, is stated by the Charleston Mercury, Border southern States will never join us until we have indicated our power to free ourselves–until we have proven that a garrison of seventy men cannot hold the portal of our commerce.This shows two key factors surround the fort.Thefirst is that by having this presence it would keep the border states on the side of the Union because it did not give in to Confederate demands.The fort also served as an important southern trade center.By occupying it, the South was denied access to the outside world.In Lincolnsfirst inaugural address he stated that, No state uponits own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union.The occupation of the fort represented Lincolns perspective that the South was technically still part of the Union, despite what they say.By maintaining the last Northern stronghold in the South, it was a token gesture of the illegitimacy of the Confederacy. Despite the positive consequences of maintaining the fort, there was logic to abandoning Fort Sumter and letting the South have it. Another Essay Sample on Civil war After Abraham Lincolns election, South Carolina began the precedent of secession from the Union that the rest of the Confederate States followed, but the Civil War did not begin with this incident.It began in South Carolina at Fort Sumter when Abraham Lincoln decided to maintain the fort as part of the Unions holdings, and Jefferson Davis, of the Confederacy decided to take it.This became the initial conflict that started the bloodiest American war.The way in which both Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis handled this affair is debatable to its effectiveness and importance for either side.Both had ways to look upon this situation with pride and contempt. To Lincoln occupying Fort Sumter and keeping it among Union holdings was important for strategic and symbolic purposes.It strategic importance, is stated by the Charleston Mercury, Border southern States will never join us until we have indicated our power to free ourselves–until we have proven that a garrison of seventy men cannot hold the portal of our commerce.This shows two key factors surround the fort.Thefirst is that by having this presence it would keep the border states on the side of the Union because it did not give in to Confederate demands.The fort also served as an important southern trade center.By occupying it, the South was denied access to the outside world.In Lincolnsfirst inaugural address he stated that, No state uponits own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union.The occupation of the fort represented Lincolns perspective that the South was technically still part of the Union, despite what they say.By maintaining the last Northern stronghold in the South, it was a token gesture of the illegitimacy of the Confederacy. Despite the positive consequences of maintaining the fort, there was logic to abandoning Fort Sumter and letting the South have it. Another Essay Sample on Civil War #8 Analyze the economic consequences of the Civil War with respect to any two of the following in the United States between 1865 and 1880. On April 9th, 1865, General Robert E. Lee, captain of the Confederate army surrendered to the Union, ending the Civil War. Though this was one of the most destructive wars in our nations history, the repercussions the country felt economically, were drastic and contrasting. During the period known as reconstruction, which lasted from 1865-1877, the North will have a thriving economy where as the Souths economy will be in shambles as a result of emancipation of the slaves. The end of slavery mainly affected southern agriculture and labor. Before the Civil War, two-thirds of the United States exports were cotton and textile goods. The factories in the North would make textiles out of Southern cotton. A majority of Southern cotton was grown on plantations where slave labor was popularly used as a cheap way to pick and clean the cotton. Cotton was th e primary cash crop of the south and the basis of their economy. Which is why the mere thought of emancipating the slaves was earth shattering to a southerners ears because then there was no one to maintain the plantations. This, along with the extensive damages the south faced after the civil war were why the souths economy went down the drain after the Civil War. Slavery supplied the south with ample amount of free labor to take care of the plantations and keep the plantation economy booming. Slavery was the backbone to the southern economy and without it, it would fall apart and it did after the war. With the war officially ended in 1865, the slaves in the south were now free. Now on paper, slaves were free, but in reality not much had changed for the blacks. Another Essay Sample on Civil War #8 Analyze the economic consequences of the Civil War with respect to any two of the following in the United States between 1865 and 1880. On April 9th, 1865, General Robert E. Lee, captain of the Confederate army surrendered to the Union, ending the Civil War. Though this was one of the most destructive wars in our nations history, the repercussions the country felt economically, were drastic and contrasting. During the period known as reconstruction, which lasted from 1865-1877, the North will have a thriving economy where as the Souths economy will be in shambles as a result of emancipation of the slaves. The end of slavery mainly affected southern agriculture and labor. Before the Civil War, two-thirds of the United States exports were cotton and textile goods. The factories in the North would make textiles out of Southern cotton. A majority of Southern cotton was grown on plantations where slave labor was popularly used as a cheap way to pick and clean the cotton. Cotton was th e primary cash crop of the south and the basis of their economy. Which is why the mere thought of emancipating the slaves was earth shattering to a southerners ears because then there was no one to maintain the plantations. This, along with the extensive damages the south faced after the civil war were why the souths economy went down the drain after the Civil War. Slavery supplied the south with ample amount of free labor to take care of the plantations and keep the plantation economy booming. Slavery was the backbone to the southern economy and without it, it would fall apart and it did after the war. With the war officially ended in 1865, the slaves in the south were now free. Now on paper, slaves were free, but in reality not much had changed for the blacks. Another Essay Sample on Civil war The Civil War was a great conflict between the Northern and Southern states of America. The principle cause of this war found its roots in the early 1800s as the Northern states moved away from farming towards manufacturing. Agriculture remained the most important way of making a living in the South. Planters used black slaves to work their fields for minimal costs and generated immense profits. The slavery trade came to the United States in 1619, when a Dutch merchant ship arrived in Jamestown, Virginia carrying twenty black Africans. The slaves were sold to American colonists and for years every part of the country practised slavery. Slavery soon vanished from the North, as harsh winters were unbearable for the Africans. Small landowners in the North could also not afford a sturdy field hand as costs ran up to $1800. For theses reasons they turned to industry and machines rather than farm hands. In the South the number of black slaves only increased to help meet a worldwide demand for tobacco and cotton. It was necessary to farm large areas of land and slaves were best suited for producing these crops. As slavery continued to grow, sentiment against it did as well. This caused the United States Government to pass a law forbidding slavery in 1808. This only meant that ships could no longer carry cargos of African slaves to Southern ports and sell them to colonists. Slavery continued to flourish in the South as this law did not affect slaves already labouring inside the country. A movement began to surface in the North during 1840s to abolish slavery. This group known as abolitionists deemed it was morally wrong for one individual to own another. Slavery grew worse as westward expansion began in the United States. New states were admitted to the Union from territories west of the Mississippi. Essay Examples on Civil War Essay Example Essay Examples on Civil War Paper 1st Essay Sample on Cold War In the aftermath of WWII, the international context war very particular: the war has bled Europe dry and the continent was thus to be rebuilt. The world was divided into two hostile camps: the West side, under the aegis of the USA and which gathered democratic countries and was politically, economically and military biding. On the other part, there was the East side, with the Soviet Union and satellite nations gathered by communism. At this time, the Union Soviet leaded an expansion policy which threatened several free states like Greece and Turkey. Further more, the Soviet Union tested successfully its own atomic bombin 1949. Now the world has entered a new area named the Cold War because both owned the ultimate weapon but none will hopefully dare to use it.Albert Einstein, probably one of the greatest scientist of the twentieth century, took an important place in the debate about the consequences of the atomic bomb discovery. In his famous article ,The Real Problem is in the Hearts of Men published in the NY Times, he proposed to install a world government in which he saw the only chance for a durable peace. In this article, Einstein argued that mankind was in great danger if another world war had to break out because the use of nuclear bombs would be dramatic. As he said rifle bullets kill men, but atomic weapon kill cities. He also insisted on the fact that with the discovery of the atomic bomb the world was entered in a new area (the Nuclear Age) and all nations and above all the USA should be aware of these new situation because nuclear weapon can destroy civilization. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So to live in a safe world, Einstein suggested the United Nations to create a world government which would guarantee the world peace. He has an actual little faith in military efforts to prevent nuclear war: our defence is in law and order. 2nd Essay Sample on Cold War There are many reasons why the cold war would start and different politicians and historians have different views on it. For example, Hans J. Morgenthau, Thomas G. Paterson, and Gabriel and Kolko, all had different views on how the cold war all started. Morgenthau said that the USSR and the United States disagreements started the cold war. He said that the Soviets did not want to be allies with the Unites States anymore, but that the soviets wanted to expand their territory. And that brought upon some problems, which lead to the cold war. Diplomatic and military confrontation between the U.S. and USSR were used to justify the Cold War and establishment of NATO, but the underlying issues were economic. As pointed out by historians Joyce and Gabriel Kolko. They believed that the Unites States also had a great deal with the cold war.Unites State was mostly concerned with its trade and businesses. America wanted to trade with any country with no restrictions.Economy was very important to America at this time. Historian Thomas G. Paterson also had different views about the cold war. He did not believe that the cause of the cold war was based around the economic factor of things. But he did believe that American did have a big impact on the start of the cold war. Paterson stated the importance of the long-standing Soviet anti-capitalist and American anti-Communist sentiments. Like many historians I also have my own view of why I believe the cold war occurred. I think that there are many reasons why the cold war would occur. It is not something that just happened suddenly, there must have been lots of different situations that sparked the cold war. I believe that the Cold War began as a result of suspicions that the democratic west had about the USSR and vice versa. In addition to the relations between the major powers got worse at the end of the Second World War.

Family Relationships Role-Plays English Lesson

Family Relationships Role-Plays English Lesson Using dialogues in class allows students to work on a wide range of skills. Asking students to write up their own role-plays can extend the activity to include written work, creative development, idiomatic expressions, and so on. This sort of activity is perfect for upper-intermediate to advanced level students. This family role-play lesson focuses on relationships between family members. If your students need help developing their family-related vocabulary you, use this exploring relationships vocabulary sheet to provide help. Aim: Consolidate skills through role-play creationActivity: Creation and in-class performance of role-plays related to family relationshipsLevel: Upper-intermediate to advanced Lesson Outline Use this activity as a larger theme-related objective focusing on vocabulary and communication skills related to family relationships.Quickly review the language of compromise. Write helpful phrases and expressions on the board so the students can reference these later in the activity.Pair up students. Ask them to imagine various scenarios that could lead to interesting discussions in the family.Hand out the role-play sheet and ask students to choose a scenario from those provided. If students are not interested in any of the provided role-play situations, ask them to use one of the scenarios they came up with in the warm-up activity.Have students write out their role-play.Assist students checking their grammar, suggesting alternate appropriate phrases and vocabulary.Allow students ample time to practice their role-play. If they can manage to memorize the role-play, the final performance will most likely be much more entertaining and instructive for all involved.Students perform thei r role-plays for the entire class. As a follow-up activity, ask students to choose one of the role-plays they were not involved in and write up a short summary of the conversation. Family Role-Plays Choose a role-play from one of the following scenarios. Write it up with your partner, and perform it for your classmates. Your writing will be checked for grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc., as will your participation, pronunciation, and interaction in the role-play. The role-play should last at least 2 minutes. You are a student at an English institute outside of your country. You’d like your parents to send you some more spending money. Telephone your father (your partner in the role-play) and ask for more money. Your father feels that you are spending too much money. Come to a compromise.You are visiting your cousin (your partner) whom you haven’t seen in a long time. Catch up on all the news from your two families, as well as from your own lives.You are a student who has improved at school, but your mother/father (your partner) doesn’t feel that you have done enough. Discuss together what you can do to improve your grades, but also recognize your increased efforts.You are the aunt/uncle of your partner. Your partner wants to ask you about what life was like with your brother (your partner’s father) when you were both teenagers. Have a discussion about the old times.You would like to get married to a man/woman your parents do not approve of. Have a discussion w ith your mother/father (your partner) about your plans. Try to break the news gently, while still maintaining your desire to get married. You are having a discussion with your husband/wife (your partner) about your son who is having problems at school. Accuse each other of not being a good parent, but try to come to a conclusion that will help your child.You are a technological wizard and have a new idea for a great startup on the internet. Try to convince your father to fund your business with a $100,000 loan. Your partner will be your father who is very skeptical about your idea because he thinks you should be a doctor.

Arguing that restrictive state abortion law DO NOT violate the right Essay

Arguing that restrictive state abortion law DO NOT violate the right to privacy set in ROE v. WADE - Essay Example The right of privacy is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision on whether to terminate pregnancy or not. According to UN there are set committees created to ensure governments’’ compliance with their treaty obligations. The committee on the elimination of discrimination against women (CEDW) states that it is the duty of states parties to ‘respect, protect and fulfill women’s right to health care. The committee also raised concerns to unsafe abortion particularly in cases of rape. Such incidence also has raised the mortality rates in the world. When the case of Roe v. Wade was decided in January 1973, abortion except to save a woman’s life was banned in nearly two thirds of the state (Payment, 2004). The banned made women’s organizations to fight for the right to access safe and legal abortion, and surprisingly international human rights law support their claims. Since 1973, in the decision of Roe v. Wade by the Supreme Court, states have constructed a lattice work of abortion law, codifying, regulating and limiting whether, when and under what circumstances should a woman abort. The denial of a pregnant woman’s right to make an independent decision regarding abortion violates or poses a threat to a wide range of human rights. The CEDAW committee has consistently criticized restrictive abortion laws that endanger a woman’s life. The UN committees suggested that women have a right to decide independently in all matters related to reproduction, including the issue of abortion. Roe a single woman in Texas sought a declaratory judgment that the Texas criminal abortion statutes were unconstitutional on their face, and an injunction restraining the defendant from enforcing the statute. She alleged that she was unmarried and pregnant and she wished to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. The abortion was to be performed by a competent

The Cable Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Cable Company - Essay Example CableNOW should portray their ability, reliability and dependability to service local needs. Their strengths and competitive advantages to their subscribers should be emphasized, being the pioneer in their locality. Their primary selling point is that despite bad weather, the delivery of programming is clear and consistent. Further, the following advantages should be stressed: â€Å"the company offered local business and real estate listings to subscribers. The firm also was able to provide local radar and weather forecasts during the "Local on the 8s" segments on the Weather Channel† (Case Facts, par. 3) which, as indicated, satellite stations could not provide. In addition, CableNOW’s ability to transmit local channels (which again, their competitors could not), should likewise be emphasized. CableNOW’s advertising campaign should emphasize the image or theme abovementioned, portraying reliability and dependability to service local needs since they have been servicing their communities as pioneer in this field of endeavor. CableNOW should use the local advertising medium: radio, cable, local channels and posters and brochures that emphasize their strengths and competitive advantages. By reaching the local constituents for the six communities of northeast Louisiana through the medium where satellite stations could not access, CableNOW would validate their reliability and dependability through all kinds of weather. To survive external changes and competitors, CableNOW should address the trend of considering capacity to deliver high definition signals as this is what technology is driving at. Peterson must determine the cost of the investment and weigh the benefits, especially over the next 10 years, for changing towards HDTV. The new two active competitors, DirecTV and Dish Network, already have this capacity and they could use this as a vantage point to lure prospective customers to change from cable to satellite.

Case Brief, U.S. V. Clemons, 32F.3d 1504(11th Cir. 1994) Research Paper

Case Brief, U.S. V. Clemons, 32F.3d 1504(11th Cir. 1994) - Research Paper Example Althouse was murdered late in the night while driving toward a colleague’s house, to discuss the next day’s arrest warrants The court relied on the law stating that any individual who kills or attempts to kill federal agents while they are engaging in their official duties can be convicted of murder. In cases whereby an individual is found guilty of an attempted murder, a jail term of not more than twenty years is issued. The court was convinced that the federal agent (Althouse) was engaging in official duties when he was murdered. Clemons argued that the evidence presented to the judge was insufficient to show that the federal agent was on official duties at the time of the murder. In addition, he argued that the court broke the law by relying on similar cases and evidence to make its decision. Smith argued that the use of Clemon’s confessions in implicating him is against the law. The court argued that Althouse was trying to prevent the theft of FBI property when he was murdered. Even though the duties were being carried out late in the night, the court still believed that Althouse was performing his duties. The way in which Clemons carried out the carjacking led to murder. Any individual who kills or attempts to kill federal agents, or any officer or employee working in the secret service or drug enforcement administration, is punishable under sections 1111 and 1112 of the United States’ Constitution. Individuals found guilty of attempted murder are given jail terms of not more than twenty years. The court made its decision based on the argument that the federal agent was performing his official duties. Althouse was trying to prevent the theft of a federal car when he was killed. In such circumstances, the judges were convinced that the agent was performing official duties. The court also relied on the evidence presented by Althouse’s colleagues. Althouse had

Helping Nursing Students to plan and understand their career

Helping Nursing Students to plan and understand their career Introduction This paper provides critical information aimed to help Nursing Students to plan out their career and have a better understanding of Reflection Nursing in the health care industry. The paper is separated into two different parts. As a nurse, individuals are exposed to several number of employment positions during the working life. The paper consists of two specific areas related to the industry. The success of a nursing career depends on gaining experience, skills and competencies to climb the ladder with different roles at higher and higher levels (Turner, 2007). Therefore, the first part of the paper provides the reader with a Career Development plan along with an analysis of the main skills and attributes requires for a nurse to have in them. The second part of the paper focuses n Reflection Nursing, discussing the aspects of this practice, including the importance of it, even though it is a criticized area in the health industry itself. This paper will focus on the technicalities behind starting off a Nursing Career and also, discuss aspects of the industry that involves constant reflections, critical thinking and analysis. Part A A Nursing Career Plan According to Dan Thomas (1994), you must manage your career like a business. In order to pursue in nursing, a career plan is an essential tool for professional development, job satisfaction and illustrates commitment to your discipline. The career as a nurse is a rewarding career with plenty of room for advancement and development (Zehr, 2010). My long term goal to achieve is to be a nurse who leads an entire ward of a health institute. However, to get there, I need to have a strong foundation. Therefore, within the coming 3 years, through hard work and continuing education, I would like to become a registered nurse and start working in an established health institute. The main attribute that attracted me towards this career is because being a nurse requires you to be intimately involved with another human being (Turner, 2007). I once read that Nursing affords the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of others. You can earn good money, but you can also make a difference (Hugg, 2005, cited in Turner 2007). This was the main aspect that drove me towards a nursing career in general. This career requires you to be involved in peoples most important life moments, such as birth, death or even surgery (Turner, 2007). Along with this, in the nursing career, there are always chances for more advancement and diverse ranges of specialty. In order to reach my goal to be a nurse in a leadership role, there are few processes I have to go through. The first is to pursue my Bachelors Degree of Science in Nursing. As an undergraduate, I would be able to study and familiarize with areas such as medical technology, patient care procedures, math, anatomy and biology, along with any specialized areas I might consider in the future, such as surgical nursing, obstetrics nursing, etc (Jeffress, 2003). The completing of a nursing degree takes a minimum of 2 years. While pursuing my nursing degree, I want to join an internship program at a hospital. This would be a chance for me to earn while learning. By joining an internship program, I will be able to demonstrate the understanding and competence in technical skills and procedures related to my specialty while being provided with an opportunity to apply sound clinical judgment and critical thinking throughout the process in the management of patient care (Lee Memorial, 2011). In short, I will be able to gain a knowledge base and skill set needed to transition to competence in clinical nursing practice. After the completion of my 2 year degree program, the biggest step I need to take is to pass the national licensing test in order to earn my Registered Nurse Credentials. This test would be where my theoretical and practical skills will be tested in order to ensure that I have the required qualifications to become a Practical Nurse. Passing this test would set the path to the starting off of my nursing career. Most new nurses begin their careers in emergency rooms, ambulatory care units, and general hospitals (Jeffress, 2003). Hence following the passing of the licensing exam, I would apply to work as an emergency room nurse, starting off my practical career. From here onwards, I would work my way up the ladder, to reach my long term goal, pursuing my continuing education along the way. While this would by plan for the coming three years, I plan to stay active in my career development throughout my whole career in order to stay successful. This is because many nurses careers burnout or stagnates with time without considering long-term strategies (Turner, 2007). Skills Attributes needed for a Nursing Career Nursing is a service profession (Turner, 2007) which requires me to have a combination of several skills. Nursing career is an integral part of the healthcare profession which calls for skill, hard work and devotion. While there are several skills required to be in a nurse, there are certain skills that takes priority which are: Professionally Competent knowledge based skills and ability to answer questions feasibly Developed Interpersonal Skills communication and observational skills Emotional Skills be able to deal with emotionally charged situations and ability to offer advice Being professionally competent is defined as the knowledge and skills of the nurse to make decisions and prioritize care, and includes competence in relation to physical or technical aspect of care (McCormack McCance, 2010). As a nurse I need to be organized and be effective in multitasking. While taking care of patients, nurses interact a lot with them, sometimes more than the doctors themselves. So, in order to answer any question the patient or their family might have, I would need to have a deep knowledge and understanding of the conditions of the patients (NHS Careers, 2011). A strong background in Science is required to understand most aspect of this area since it helps me understand better what is wrong with the patients. Since nurses are responsible for recording patients information such as the medical history accurately, it is important for a nurse to be intuitive to ask the right questions without missing out any critical part. Along with working with patients, a nurse ha s to work with different kinds of machines and medications during work (College Crunch, 2009). In order to work with these tools harmoniously, a nurse requires being fluent in math. Being familiar with math includes being fluent with both the standard and metric system of measurement, specifically while dealing with medications (College Crunch, 2009). According to Calman (2006), patients describe competent nursing practice as a combination of technical care and nursing knowledge, but it is only when technical care is assumed that interpersonal attributes become the more important indicators of quality nursing care. Another main kill that is required for nurses to have is a well developed set of interpersonal skills. As a nurse, I would have to work with doctors, patients and a team of other nurses communicating with them in a very fast paced environment (College Crunch, 2009). Poor interpersonal communication by a nurse can be profound and often increases the vulnerability experienced by patients. As a nurse, its crucial to be a good at listening as well as talking. With the patients, this is important to make them and their loved ones feel secure leaving their care in your hands and this skill proves important with doctors and your peer because without communicating with them, carrying out the task of patient care will be impossible. Nurses also have to be constantly alert to changes in patients conditions and the implications in terms of care (NSH Careers, 2011). They have to be able to spot anything out of the ordinary or basically anything that doesnt seem right. These changes need to be co mmunicated back to the doctors clearly and concisely in order to ensure the patients well being. With poor interpersonal skills, barriers might occur in this communication process which might include misunderstandings and even lack of information provided to certain parties involved in this communication process. In healthcare, these are errors that might lead to grave problems. Effective communication requires a combination of good verbal and non-verbal skills (McCormack McCance, 2010). Therefore, as a nurse, I would have to be able to understand gestures and facial expressions of my patients, peers as well as doctors, especially during an emergency. Emotional skills can be considered as the next main attribute a nurse is required to have. Empathy and compassion are foundation of nursing care (Turner, 2007). As a nurse, I would be able to see people at their worst days and also at their best. This involves me to have developed traits such as caring, understanding, being non-judgmental and have a strong ability to empathize with the patients from all the walks of life (College Crunch, 2009). At times of crises, a nurse is required to play a key part in helping patients and their loved ones come through these crises and manage distress within a very distressed environment. This requires very strong emotional stability in a person. Since I plan to start off my career from an emergency room, this skill set needs to be extra strong in me. This is because in the emergency room of a hospital, nurses have to deal with people who are very sick, disabled, or experiencing any number of physical, mental and emotional issues and even major ac cidents (College Crunch, 2009). In an environment as such, I would have to be emotionally strong enough to provide the patients with the help they require without letting the situation affect my judgment or quality of work. In order to gather emotional skills, I would have to learn take care of myself in order to be balanced enough to provide care to other since I will encounter difficult staff members, angry physicians, non-cooperating patients and disgruntled family members as well (Turner, 2007). With these skills and many others put in consideration, I will be able to achieve my goal into becoming a successful registered nurse. Part B In the nursing practice, reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyze and evaluate and so inform leaning from practice (Bulman, 2004). Reflection is undoubtedly an important concept, which has succeeded in stimulating debate and investigation, and influencing nursing education around the world (Bulman, 2004). This process involves focusing on how the individuals interact with their colleagues and with the environment to obtain a clearer picture of their own behavior (Nursing Times, 2004). Reflective thinking highlights the intermingling of practitioners feelings and emotions, and acknowledges this interrelationship with actions as well as the importance of intellectual thinking thus providing a vehicle for legitimizing professional knowledge that develops from the realities of practice and challenges more traditional form of knowing (Bulman, 2004). The process of reflection in nursing aims to develop professional actions that are aligned with personal beliefs and values. Current thinking in nursing advocates the need for nurses to be educated in ways that develop their autonomy, critical thinking, sensitivity to others and their open-mindedness (Reed Ground, 1997). Nursing is a practice discipline and effective preparation of nursing requires that we are able to care competently for our clients and continue to develop our skills and knowledge over a professional lifetime. They are responsible for providing care to the best of their ability to patients and their families (Turner, 2007). In order to achieve this, it is vital for nurses to focus on their knowledge, skills and behavior to ensure that they are able to meet the demands made on them by this commitment. According to Fitzgerald (1994), nurses develop competence through a process of critical reflection on experience; they examine their work and the contribution their nu rsing and nursing generally makes socially. She also states that in turn, nurses also consider the effect social forces have upon themselves and their work. Through the process of reflection, nurses are able to gain a heightened awareness of the variety of factors that shape their practice resulting in informed practice (Bowden, 2003). Grasping the idea that reflection is a combination of thinking, emotion and commitment to action is not an easy one. (Bulman, 2004). The process of achieving reflection in a field such as nursing can be seen as a challenge. These skills required to achieve reflection was stated by Atkins Murphy (1993) as self-awareness, description, critical analysis, synthesis and evaluation. But while the competent nurse just beginning to utilize the reflective practice is unlikely to be able to use all of these, this stems in part from the limitations of the level of performance which may be efficient and complex but is based on deliberate planning (Benner, 1984). Reflective practice is part of the requirement for nurses constantly to update professional skills. As a nurse, professional competency is a vital attribute to ensure efficiency in their daily works. Using reflective practice, portfolio offers considerable opportunity for reflection on ongoing development. Annual reviews of their self and skills allow nurses to identify their own strengths and areas of opportunity for future development (Nurse Times, 2004). Reflectio n on personal attitudes, feelings and values as well as reflection on life and educational experience is a critical process in nursing education; it is a critical process in becoming a nurse (Lundy Janes, 2009). However, there are some cases where it has been identified that reflections of the nurses as taken-for-granted assumptions that rarely acknowledge that doing as a nurse is more important than thinking or reflecting (Bowden, 2003). For reflection to be really meaningful, it must being with a shared overall aim to achieve effective learning and positive experience. Nurses face ethical dilemmas, and both professions are characterized by specific moral discourses and practiced. In nursing, it is importance to practice a professional identity and practice of personal behavior bound up with notions of moral agency: empathy, compassion, understanding. It is imperative that self-reflection be developed early in the educational experience and continued in nursing practice (Lundy Janes, 2009). Reflective practice potentially provides a way to justify the importance of practice and recognizes the interrelationship between theoretical and practical knowledge, embracing the intermingling of thin king, emotion and action (Bulman, 2004). This appeals to nurses especially because it they are able to identify with this aspect of reflective thinking since it provides a justification for practice knowledge. Peden MacAlpine (2005) discusses the importance of design, evaluation and outcomes of a reflective practice intervention that can be used to train critical care nurses on how to incorporate family intervention into their nursing practice. The befits and problems of reflective practice are many and most beneficial aspects include improvement of professionalism and better ability to tackle similar situation leading to professional development through experience in nursing (Oxbridge, 2011). Reflection practicing relates to a nurses experience and learning from the experience, helping them to change their attitude towards critical care especially in family and enhanced their communication and ability to build proper relationships with families bringing in a new way of understanding family stress or appreciating family values. Reflection helps nurses face practical problems encountered related to role integration, professional autonomy, legal and consent issues, non-medical prescribing and role evaluation. Considering the benefits of changing nursing attitudes and developing professionalism through reflective practice, many researchers have emphasized the need to use reflective practice as a training method within nursing education (Oxbridge, 2011). Guidelines could be developed according to the theoretical framework of reflective practice and can give a new direction nursing education. Reflective thinking has become a popular word in nursing education worldwide, but its meaning and effective use remains debatable because of lack of clarity in its meaning (Mackintosh, 1998). Donald Schà ¶n (1983) suggested that the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning was one of the defining characteristics of professional practice. Nurses should consider the ways in which they interact and communicate with their colleagues. Communication as discussed in Part A of this paper is a vital attribute to a nurse in the face paced environment they work in. And using reflective practicing in order to harmoniously communicate with the peers help create a more efficient working environment along with developing their personal skills as well. They should aim to become self-aware, self-directing and in touch with their environment (Nursing Times, 2004) rather than depending on their peers to carry out certain works during their daily work. This allows the nurses to provide efficient service to the clients/patients more feasibly through reflective thinking. It allows the nurses to think out of the box rather than stick to traditional meth ods and moving forward in their career themselves. This goal can be achieved by making full use of the opportunities available to them via the feedback using the impact on patients, their families, colleagues and the organization as a whole (Nursing Times, 2004). Hospitals over the millennium have developed relinquishing their role as the recognized hub of care delivery, while delivery of health care services at home, at work, at play, in schools and churches, online with the World Wide Web through the internet, and on the telephone continues to increase. In order to stay on course with these developments, nurses have been challenged to re-conceptualize their roles within the complex and changing medical contexts (Forde, McPhee, McCahon Patrick, 2006). Reflective Practicing can be used as a feasible tool against such as discriminatory practices. This tool can be used as a framework for professional development by analyzing the current, past and future actions of the individuals to avoid going against the strong ethical codes set for nurses. Evaluations along with alternatives to similar situations can be provided using reflective practice to ensure that problems do not arise in behavior of professionals (Oxbridge, 2011). While there are no set rules to developing a reflective framework, with experience an efficient framework can be developed incorporating not only reflections on actions but ethical, political and broader social issues that develop for a given experience (Bowden, 2003). This helps bring together a reflective solution that works for an organization in whole, ensuring more efficient processing of daily works within the organization. Comments that reflective practice is regarded by many authors as particular importance to continuing professional excellence which has lead to an almost unquestioned element in professionalism; the room to excellence is through reflection (Forde, McPhee, McCahon Patrick, 2006). Reflection in nursing leads to the individuals in developing their skills in leadership and provide stability to deal with difficulties and complexities within a stressing environment such as a hospital. As discussed above, there is enough educational research and theory that advocates the importance and effectiveness of learning through reflective practicing (Bulman, 2004). Through constant questioning, we see more clearly just who we really are, and what remarkable resources we have access to. We will also see more clearly, what is really facing us, and we will become more capable of accepting and responding to change (Ferguson, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, the Nursing Career is clearly a career with chances for development and allows individuals to continue their education as they progress through their career. During their career, nurses needs to develop extensive skills during their daily basis and also use their intelligence to climb up the ladder in their career. With long-term planning and reflective practicing in hand, it is obvious that one could become very successful in the a career such as nursing.

Spiritualism Essay -- Parapsychology Essays, 2015

â€Å"Don't you remember anything?! There is no 'devil.' There is no 'hell.' There is only Unrest. There is no down, only sideways; the transparent beside the opaque, and a thin wall to separate them.† ― Leanna Renee Hieber, The Strangely Beautiful Tale of Miss Percy According to Merriam-webster.com, Spiritualism is a â€Å"belief that spirits of the dead communicate with the living, usually through a medium†. However, Spiritualism is more than a belief. Ever since the Spiritualist movement began and spread in the 1800’s, Spiritualism has evolved into a religion that continues to be practiced today. Contacting the dead is not a pleasant subject for most people however, although Spiritualism used to be casually practiced everyday in the homes of the Victorians in the 1800s. How did something that once used to be a method of being able to re-unite with your beloved, dead, grandparents warp into something that incites fear? Spiritualism was founded by the Fox sisters back in 1848 when Margaretta and Kate Fox claimed to have heard mysterious rappings in their little home in Hydesville, New York. Apparently, their house was reputed to be haunted before the Fox family moved in and there were claims of unexplainable sounds and furniture moving on their own. Margaretta and Fox started speaking to the spirit who was allegedly haunting their home and they eventually developed a system for communicating with it. The Fox sisters would ask the spirit a question and they would get answers in return through the form of rappings. For example, they would interpret one rap for â€Å"yes† or two for â€Å"no† or they would interpret the number of rapping’s given for a letter in an alphabet. It wasn’t long before the neighbors heard about the Fox sisters’ new found abilities and gathered at their house to witness the spirit rappings for themselves. Soon, they were giving performances in major towns, and that was when the rapping phenomena began to spread. The Fox sisters gained fame through their public sà ©ances and it wasn’t long before other people started claiming that they were also able to speak with spirits and other forms of communicating with the dead were created such as table tipping and slate writing. The Victorian era was marked by â€Å"romanticism  and mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and the arts† (http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/dr-rescher-english-... ... each other. The information that I have learned regarding this topic has helped me a lot in developing my plot for a comic book that I am working on for Senior Show titled â€Å"Post-Mortem†. My story is set in the Victorian era where two brothers lament the loss of their loved ones. The older brother especially has a hard time coping with the loss of his fiancà ©, and the little brother tries to contact her and bring her back. However, instead of drawing back in the beautiful and kind fiancà © he ends up bringing back one that is hungry for revenge. Even though my story is based in the Victorian era where contacting the dead had nothing to do with evil spirits, I wanted to make my story more modern by adding a macabre touch. Works Cited McClenon, James. "The Scientific Investigation of Wondrous Events."  Wondrous Events: Foundation of Religious Belief, University of Pennsylvania Press(1994): 185-207. Print. Simpkins, Sarah. "Dr. Rescher   English 204."  STUDYBLUE. STUDY BLUE, 28 Mar. 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2015. . Roach, Mary.  Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Print.

Lorca’s play on tragic love

Lorca’s play on tragic love, The House of Bernarda Alba, is his last complete play. It is interpreted as a metaphor of repression with its theme focused on frustration, honour and death. The play contains both the passion and the torment in the intense struggle of a group of women held in check even from the thought of love by a tyrannical mother, Bernarda. The play investigates and provides a response, but not a solution, to the problems of oppression, transgression, sexuality and being a victim. Bernarda’s strict rule is as powerful as the wilful nature of the youngest woman who betrays the family.Her ability to satisfy her sexual desire symbolically shatters the order of extreme repression and absolute control. Her rebellion and death mark the reasons and effects of the repressed atmosphere. Ultimate protest, despair, and madness emphasize the even more extreme control, unhealthy fear, mindlessness, and especially silence that befall the women who remain in the house . However more scrutinizing approach to the issue of victim in the play reveals that not only Bernarda’s daughters appear as victims but Bernarda herself being a victimizer is a victim.Bernarda Alba is the mother, a dramatic personality, whose words carry the authority of the supreme ruler and whose life shows little emotion. In this austerity she rules her household, never sparing from her wrath anyone who attempts to revoke the stifling atmosphere she has superimposed on herself and her daughters. As a result, all – Bernarda, the daughters, the servants – exist in darkness and depression ultimately leading to sterility of emotions and finally to suicide.Bernarda is a selfish and tyrannical matron who eventually forces her daughters into the despair. They lose every vestige of hope; this loss leads directly to the moral death of each daughter and to the physical death of the youngest. Slowly, but unequivocally, Bernarda drains the minds and hearts of her daught ers until they become as white and barren as the walls of their physical prison the metaphor of which is conveyed by the visual nature of the house with its thick walls and a few windows and doors leading to the outside world.However, this significant visual image exceeds its literal meaning and, above all, represents a sociocultural institution keeping all the main characters of the play in subordination to social dogmas and rules. Within the confines of its walls Bernarda and her family repeat the old traditions, like many generations of women that preceded them. This repetitive and collective act obliterates the uniqueness of the individual for the sake of preserving patriarchal hegemony.When reading The House of Bernarda Alba it becomes obvious that the play’s most powerful strength is in its dialogues, while the characters are limited in their movement and space within a closed location. By dint of auditory means, Lorca reaches the explication of the contrast between gir ls and their mother. This contrast is emphasized by the other devices like contras of black and white, and these two colours are highlighted throughout the play: the black dresses of the women in mourning, in contrast to the very white walls of the house.Moreover, Bernarda’s authoritarian voice stands out as she commands, â€Å"Silence! † [p. 161] at the opening, throughout, and end of the play, closely related in each case to the death of one member of the family and the spiritual death of those living. Despite Bernarda’s call for silence, other sounds succeed in penetrating the thick walls and contribute to define the nature of their society and the dichotomy between life inside and outside the house. Bernarda’s house is a household without men. This is by fate as well as by author’s intention to establish controversial circumstances.Upon the death of her husband, she must assume the patriarchal role of protecting her daughters’ honour and forbids the presence of men within the confines of the house, thus limiting the world her daughters are allowed to know. Her house is clearly governed by patriarchal forces. Pepe el Romano, the male character we do not see but hear about, is the strongest motivating force in the play. Bernarda’s authoritarian discourse stubbornly reproduces what she learned from her father and her grandfather.This concept associates property with social class, as Bernarda is well aware. When one of her daughters has the opportunity of marrying, she does not allow it: â€Å"BERNARDA, loudly. – I'd do it a thousand times over! My blood won't mingle with the Humanas' while I live! His father was a shepherd. † (p. 191). The situation within the walls of her house would have been quite different had Bernarda found enough men of her social condition to marry her daughters. Lorca indicts society, and the reader might be inclined to condemn Bernarda as well.Although she is not aware of it, Bernarda is a victim turned victimizer. In the same way that her daughter, Adela, is symbolically suffocated by her mother’s oppression, as she commits suicide by hanging, Bernarda’s maternal feelings have been suffocated by society. As a widow, she uses her newly found powers to perpetuate those values that benefit men. She becomes their accomplice. Her husband was a womanizer, and she claims that men should enjoy the freedom of the streets. Women should be confined in the house, against their natural instincts.Bernarda is, at best, an imperfect man, as exemplified in her failed attempt to use the gun —a phallic symbol. BERNARDA: The gun! Where's the gun? She rushes out. La Poncia runs ahead of her. Amelia enters and looks on frightened, leaning her head against the wall. Behind her comes Martirio. ADELA: No one can hold me back! She tries to go out. [†¦] A shot is heard. BERNARDA, entering: Just try looking for him now! MARTIRIO, entering: That does away with Pepe el Romano. ADELA: Pepe! My God! Pepe! She runs out. PONCIA: Did you kill him?MARTIRIO: No. He raced away on his mare! BERNARDA: It was my fault. A woman can't aim (p. 210) Within the play another mother figure, Maria Josefa, vehemently distances herself from Bernarda and approaches Adela, thus leaving Bernarda without support and helpless. She sings a lullaby while holding a â€Å"baby† (a lamb) in her arms, an act that Bernarda – devoid of maternal instincts – seems incapable of performing. Bernarda as a mother figure becomes dehumanized and therefore closer to the dimensions of a grotesque caricature.At the beginning of the play the maid La Poncia threatens Bernarda’s public image with her gossip. At the end of the play, and despite Bernarda’s call for silence, we know that the neighbours have awakened. The thick walls have been rendered useless and the tyrannical figure of Bernarda fall a prey to societal judgement. Bibliography L ORCA, Federico Garcia Three Tragedies: Blood Wedding, Yerma, Bernarda Alba. Translated by J. G. Lujan and R. L. O'Connell. New York, New Directions Publishing, 1955.

Learn How to Count in Italian

Learn How to Count in Italian Numbers are a must-know when learning a language because they’re used in so many situations figuring out what time it is, how much something costs, understanding the timeline that your tour guide is talking about, doing math, understanding recipes, and even interpreting the WiFi password. Italian Cardinal Numbers From 1 to 100 You can use the following table to memorize numbers from 1 to 100. NUMBER AND PRONUNCIATION   1 uno OO-noh 2 due DOO-eh 3 tre TREH 4 quattro KWAHT-troh 5 cinque CHEEN-kweh 6 sei SEH-ee 7 sette SET-teh 8 otto OHT-toh 9 nove NOH-veh 10 dieci dee-EH-chee 11 undici OON-dee-chee 12 dodici DOH-dee-chee 13 tredici TREH-dee-chee 14 quattordici kwaht-TOR-dee-chee 15 quindici KWEEN-dee-chee 16 sedici SEH-dee-chee 17 diciassette dee-chahs-SET-teh 18 diciotto dee-CHOHT-toh 19 diciannove dee-chahn-NOH-veh 20 venti VEN-tee 21 ventuno ven-TOO-noh 22 ventidue ven-tee-DOO-eh 23 ventitr ven-tee-TREH 24 ventiquattro ven-tee-KWAHT-troh 25 venticinque ven-tee-CHEEN-kweh 26 ventisei ven-tee-SEH-ee 27 ventisette ven-tee-SET-teh 28 ventotto ven-TOHT-toh 29 ventinove ven-tee-NOH-veh 30 trenta TREN-tah 40 quaranta kwah-RAHN-tah 50 cinquanta cheen-KWAHN-tah 60 sessanta ses-SAHN-tah 70 settanta set-TAHN-ta 80 ottanta oht-TAHN-ta 90 novanta noh-VAHN-tah 100 cento CHEN-toh The numbers venti, trenta, quaranta, cinquanta, and so on drop the final vowel when combined with uno - 1 and otto - 8. Tre - 3 is written without an accent, but ventitrà © - 23, trentatrà © - 33, and so on are written with an acute accent. Also, notice that once you know the base number, like â€Å"venti - 20†, you can add your numbers for 1-10 to create â€Å"ventuno - 21†, â€Å"ventidue - 22†, â€Å"ventitrà © - 23† and so on. Esempi: A: Quanto costa la focaccia? - How much does the focaccia cost? B: Costa due euro e cinquanta centesimi. - It costs 2,50 euro. A: Fa caldo oggi! Quanti gradi ci sono? - It’s hot today! What’s the temperature? B: Trentuno gradi! - 31 degrees! A: Che ore sono? - What time is it? B: Sono le due e undici. - It’s 2:11.    Italian Cardinal Numbers of 100 and Greater Back in the old days, before the euros arrival in Italy, you could pay a few thousand lire for admission to a museum or for a cappuccino and biscotti. During that time, tourists needed to know more than just the numbers up to 100 to get around. Lucky for you, lire are history, but learning numbers greater than 100 will still prove useful, particularly when talking about years or the prices for any couture items. Number and Pronunciation 100 cento CHEN-toh 101 centouno/centuno cheh- toh-OO-noh/chehn-TOO-noh 150 centocinquanta cheh-toh-cheen-KWAHN-tah 200 duecento doo-eh-CHEN-toh 300 trecento treh-CHEN-toh 400 quattrocento kwaht-troh-CHEN-toh 500 cinquecento cheen-kweh-CHEN-toh 600 seicento seh-ee-CHEN-toh 700 settecento set-the-CHEN-toh 800 ottocento oht-toh-CHEN-toh 900 novecento noh-veh-CHEN-toh 1.000 mille MEEL-leh 1.001 milleuno meel-leh-OO-noh 1.200 milleduecento meel-leh-doo-eh-CHEN-toh 2.000 duemila doo-eh-MEE-lah 10.000 diecimila dee-eh-chee-MEE-lah 15.000 quindicimila kween-dee-chee-MEE-lah 100.000 centomila chen-toh-mee-lah 1.000.000 un milione OON mee-lee-OH-neh 2.000.000 due milioni DOO-eh mee-lee-OH-neh 1.000.000.000 un miliardo OON mee-lee-ARE-doh Esempi: 1492 - millequattrocentonovantadue1962 - millenovecentosessantadue1991 - millenovecentonovantuno2000 - duemila2016 - duemila sedici Italian Ordinal Numbers You can place items in order with ordinal numbers. For instance, il primo is the first course on a menu and il secondo is the second course, so pay attention to articles. Here’s what they look like: English and Italian first primo second secondo third terzo fourth quarto fifth quinto sixth sesto seventh settimo eighth ottavo ninth nono tenth decimo eleventh undicesimo twelfth dodicesimo thirteenth tredicesimo fourteenth quattordicesimo fifteenth quindicesimo sixteenth sedicesimo seventeenth diciassettesimo eighteenth diciottesimo nineteenth diciannovesimo twentieth ventesimo twenty-first ventunesimo twenty-third ventitreesimo hundredth centesimo thousandth millesimo two thousandth duemillesimo three thousandth tremillesimo one millionth Milionesimo When used with the numerical succession of kings, popes, and emperors, the ordinal numbers are capitalized. For example, Vittorio Emanuele III (Terzo), who ruled the unified Italian nation from 1900 to 1946, was the third king with that name. Some other examples are: Pope Paul Quinto - Pope Paul VVittorio Emanuele Secondo - Vittorio Emanuele IILeone Nono - Leone IXCarlo Quinto   - Carlo V Here are some examples of centuries: diciottesimo secolo - eighteenth centurydiciannovesimo secolo - nineteenth centuryventesimo secolo - twentieth century Notice the regularity of ordinal numbers beginning with undicesimo. The suffix -esimo is added to the cardinal numbers by dropping the final vowel of the cardinal number. The one exception includes numbers ending in -trà ©. Those numbers drop their accent and are unchanged when -esimo is added. Since Italian ordinal numbers function as adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify: primo, prima, primi, prime. Il primo ministro - The Prime MinisterIl primo sindaco donna della storia di questa citt - The first female major in the history of this cityPrendiamo il primo treno che arriva! - Let’s catch the first train coming!La prima della fila à ¨ questa signora, io sono la seconda. - The first in line ​is this lady, I’m the second one.